Sensory Systems

The Thalamus

1. Embryological origins：
2. Thalamus：
   1. The location:接近前脑的中部
   2. Organization：
   3. Function: relay, distribute, modulate

Overview and origins of cortical circuits

1. layer4: Thalamic recipient zone.
2. Cortical cytoarchitecture:注：motor相比于visual的layer4细胞更少，是因为其主要是输出的神经元
3. Brodmann分区：

General Principles of Sensory Systems

1. 
2. Deccussations:
3. Sensory Transduction:
4. Information coding:注：1. Pacinian corpuscle(Be senstive to vibration/震动) 2.Meissner corpuscle(对light touch敏感)![[

注：不同的感觉有不同的Threshold.

Somatic sensation

Organization of somatic sensation:

1. Mechanosensation(机械感受):
   1. Peripheral mechanosensation elements:注：1. Dorsal root ganglion cells：假单极；mechanosensory的轴突达到dorsal column，而Pain的轴突达到dorsal horn
   2. 
   3. Sensory Transduction:
   4. Peripheral elements:注：Meissner corpuscle(schwann cell)+MCN complex（dermal papillae）对mechanical deformation敏感，都是对light touch作出反应；Ruffini corpuscle对stretch敏感；Pacinian corpuscle对Vibration（震动）敏感。
   5. Afferent systems：
   6. Some additional types of receptors:注：Ia+II使得muscle spindles 传递信号到spinal cord(与stretch有关)注：其对Muscle force敏感
   7. Somatic sensory of the thalamus:注：SI首先接受mechanosensory information注：3a参与proprioceptor（自感，如6中所提到的）, 3b参与cutaneous receptor（皮肤感受器，如touch）, 1参与对皮肤表面的复杂刺激, 2参与到对物体形状的识别。题目：Considering just the consequences for somatic sensation, what do you expect to result from a stroke involving the right middle cerebral artery?——Anesthesia over the left side of the face and left arm, but sparing the left leg.
2. Mechanosensory pathways: Somatic sensory system
   1. DCMLS:注：1.DRG（Dorsal-root ganglion cell）2.DCN(Dorsal column nuclear)注：最终结束在PCL（Precentral gyrus）附近。
   2. PSNOTTC：注：1.TG 2.PNOTC 3. VPM
   3. Spinocerebellar pathways:
3. Pain systems:
   1. Complex Phenomenology of pain:
   2. Somatic sensationNociception(伤害感受)：
      1. Sensory Transduction:
      2. Pain sensation:注：左边是First pain，右边是Second pain
      3. Neuron factors:
         1. 痛觉过敏:
      4. Descending pathways:
      5. Chronic pain:
      6. Neuropathic pain
4. Pain and Temperature Pathways:
   1. Anterolateral systems:
   2. Trigeminothalamic tract:
   3. Dissociated sensory loss(分离性感觉丧失)：
   4. Visceral pain pathway: